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Study Reveals Over 90% of X’s Community Notes Never Go Live
Study Finds Over 90% of X’s Community Notes Never Published
More than 90% of X’s Community Notes — the platform’s user-driven fact-checking tool — never make it to public view, according to a new report released Wednesday. The findings raise concerns about the effectiveness of the system that Elon Musk has promoted as a core part of the platform’s content moderation strategy.
The study, conducted by the Digital Democracy Institute of the Americas (DDIA), analyzed the full public dataset of 1.76 million Community Notes submitted between January 2021 and March 2025. It was published shortly after the resignation of X’s CEO, Linda Yaccarino, who led the company for two years during a period of significant upheaval.
Community Notes, formerly known as Birdwatch, allows volunteer contributors to submit contextual information or corrections to posts. These notes are then rated by other users as either “helpful” or “not helpful.” A note must receive a sufficient number of “helpful” ratings from users with diverse perspectives to be published directly under a post.
But the DDIA’s analysis revealed a startling bottleneck: over 90% of submitted notes never go live.
“For a program promoted as fast, scalable, and transparent, these figures should raise serious concerns,” the report stated.
Declining Publication Rates
Among English-language notes, the publication rate dropped from 9.5% in 2023 to just 4.9% in early 2025. While Spanish-language notes showed some improvement — increasing from 3.6% to 7.1% — the majority still failed to reach public view.
The study attributes this to a combination of factors, including a lack of consensus among raters and many notes simply going unrated — effectively leaving them in a permanent state of limbo.
“As more notes are submitted, the system’s internal visibility issues become increasingly apparent — especially for English-language content,” the study noted.
A Bot Among Top Contributors
Surprisingly, the most prolific contributor to the program was not a human but a bot-like account focused on flagging cryptocurrency scams. Between 2021 and March 2025, this account submitted over 43,000 notes, yet only 3.1% were ever published.
Speed Still a Problem
While the average time it takes for a note to be published has improved — falling from over 100 days in 2022 to just 14 days in 2025 — the report argues that even this is too slow in the age of viral misinformation.
“False or harmful content can go viral within hours. A two-week delay makes the fact-check irrelevant for real-time events,” the DDIA warned.
Broader Implications
With major platforms like Meta and TikTok experimenting with community-driven moderation, the DDIA findings could influence industry thinking. Some see Community Notes as a less biased alternative to professional fact-checkers, whom critics have accused of political partiality.
However, researchers caution that Community Notes may only be effective in areas where there is broad public consensus. They also warn that contributors can be influenced by political or ideological leanings, often targeting perceived opponents.
X launched the Community Notes feature during Linda Yaccarino’s tenure as CEO. She announced her resignation on Wednesday, offering no specific reason for her departure. The move came amid backlash over antisemitic content generated by Grok — X’s AI chatbot — which posted remarks praising Adolf Hitler and disparaging Islam.
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Duration: Full-time internship (duration unspecified)
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Eligibility Criteria:
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Submit your CV via email to:
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Requirements:
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B.Sc. or HND in Accounting, Finance, Economics, or related fields
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Solid understanding of basic accounting principles
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Send your CV and a brief cover letter to: [email protected]
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